The Centeno-Schultz Blog

The lumbar section of the spine is an extraordinarily resilient and complex structure, responsible for enabling everyday movement, supporting and redistributing loads, and protecting the spinal nerve. But despite how much we rely on our lower back in our daily lives, we tend to notice how much our lumbar spine does for us only when … Continued

The cervical anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) is a very important neck ligament that can commonly be injured by whiplash. The head and neck snapping backward in whiplash cause injury to the ALL. It is important to understand how and why the ALL becomes injured in whiplash so the many consequences of that injury can be … Continued

Have you had a neck injury or whiplash trauma? Do you have neck pain, especially when looking up, and you don’t know the cause? Then you may want to learn about the cervical anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL).  Anatomy of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament The ALL is a strong, wide ligament that runs along the front … Continued

A thoracic herniated disc occurs when the soft center of a spinal disc in the thoracic area of the spinal region ruptures. This condition can lead to symptoms such as pain, numbness, and weakness in the chest, back, and potentially radiating down the arms, legs or abdomen. Effective thoracic herniated disc treatment often involves a … Continued

The knee joint is the largest compound synovial joint of the human body. The joint has bones, cartilage, muscles, and bursae that are held together by ligaments and tendons. Damage to any of these structures can give rise to knee pain. The location of knee pain can be very telling, and can help narrow down … Continued

Craniocervical instability (CCI) occurs when the supportive muscles and ligaments in the upper cervical spine become ‘loose’ or ‘lax’. The importance and complexity of the vagus nerve is highlighted in its name. Vagus is the Latin word for ‘wandering’ and, as the name suggests, the vagus nerve travels widely throughout the body, resembling the root … Continued

The transverse cervical artery (TCA) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, which itself is a branch of the first part of the subclavian artery. These arteries are part of the larger arterial network that supplies blood to the head, neck, and upper limbs. Understanding the anatomy and function of arteries like the TCA is … Continued

The human body is a marvel of intricate design, and its functioning relies on a network of complex systems. Among these, the nervous system serves as the communication highway, transmitting signals that enable us to move, feel, and interact with the world around us. One crucial component of this neural network is the ulnar nerve, a peripheral nerve that plays a pivotal role in the motor and sensory functions of the upper limb. In this article exploring the anatomical landscape of the ulnar nerve, we aim to foster a greater understanding of its role in the human body.

Hamstring injuries range from mild strains to complete ruptures. The need for surgery often depends on the severity of the injury and the specific requirements of the individual, especially if the person is an athlete or has specific functional demands. Several factors influence the outcome of the surgery: Return to sport/activity: Many athletes can return … Continued

The hip joint is a large ball and socket joint that’s important for lower extremity movement. The joints consist of the articulation of the femur (upper thigh bone/ball) and the acetabulum (the socket). The bones are lined with cartilage and the acetabulum is lined with a fibrocartilage called the labrum. The hip joints, as with … Continued